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Tree Trunk anatomy

Internally, the trunk consists of several layers, including the bark, cambium layer, sapwood, and heartwood. The bark serves as the protective outer layer, while the cambium layer is responsible for producing new cells for growth. The sapwood transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves, while the heartwood provides structural support and stores waste materials. Externally, the trunk may exhibit features such as lenticels, which are small pores that allow for gas exchange, as well as scars from previous branches or injuries.